來(lái)源:中考網(wǎng) 作者:紫涵 2013-01-31 15:40:26
1)指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代 詞:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2)指示代詞的句法功能
指示代詞主要有四個(gè),即this, that, these 和 those。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
This is my book.(主語(yǔ))
I want that.(賓語(yǔ))
My book is that.(表語(yǔ))
I like that dress.(定語(yǔ))
注意:
1. 為避免重復(fù),可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。如:
The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (That=the playground)
My seat is next to that of the mayor.(that=mayor's seat) 我的座位在市長(zhǎng)座位旁邊。
2. 用來(lái)回指上文提到的事情時(shí),可用this 或 that,但是若要指下文敘述的事情,通常要用 this。如:
--She is a beautiful girl.
--Who said that?
I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道這一點(diǎn):她美嗎?
3. 在打電話時(shí),通常用 this 指自己,用that指對(duì)方:
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是約翰嗎?
4. 除用作代詞外,this 和that 還可用作副詞,用以修飾形容詞或副詞,意為"這么"、"那么",相當(dāng)于 so。
如:
I've done only that much. 我所做的就這么多。
Is he always this busy? 他總這么忙嗎?
5. 指示代詞this, that 和these在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人。而those作賓語(yǔ)后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定語(yǔ)從句。
如:(對(duì))That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。(that作主語(yǔ),指人)
。▽(duì))He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
。ㄥe(cuò))He is going to marry this.。╰his作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))I bought this. 我買(mǎi)這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語(yǔ))
He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.。╰hat作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
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