初中

簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型

主語+不及物動(dòng)詞

主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語She likes English.

主語+系動(dòng)詞+主語補(bǔ)語She is happy.

主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語She gave John a book.

She bought a book for me.

主語+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angry.

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

(There +be There lies a book on the desk.)

1.

主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞，主格代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等等。主語一般在句首。

謂語：謂語由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。

不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，

如：

Wecome.

2

The sunrose.

3

She came.

4

My head aches.

此句型的句子有一個(gè)

2.基本句型 二：Ｓ+Ｖ系+Ｐ （主＋系＋表）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做

│

如：1. Thisisan English-Chinese dictionary.

│

2. The dinnersmellsgood.

3. He │is growing│tall and strong.

系動(dòng)詞主要是起到連系主語和表語的作用。

可分四類：

1.表“是” 如：be“是”(am, is, are, was, were)

2.表“感覺”如：look看起來feel感到，sound聽起來，smell聞起來，seem似乎

3.表“變”如：get變得, turn變得, grow變得，go變得, come變得, become成為

4.表“保持”如：keep保持, stay保持

常用連系動(dòng)詞

①變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

口訣：好是come，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow;流水、金錢緩緩run;

顏色、天氣大不同turn;get/become口語化，如果要說就用它.

口訣解讀

：

Come一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。如:Dreams come true.夢(mèng)想成真。

Go一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。

如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太熱了，菜都餿了。

Grow表示逐漸變化,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過程,后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如:I want to grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢變老。

Run與grow是對(duì)應(yīng)的，其主語多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗的東西。

如：Still water runs deep.靜水深流。

Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。

如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。

In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out.春天樹變綠了，花開了。

Get / become在口語表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對(duì)正式些，其主語既可以是人也可以是物。

如：He got angry on hearing the news.聽到這個(gè)消息，他變得很生氣。

總之，不管英語多么“變”化多端，萬“變”不離其宗。英語學(xué)習(xí)的終極目標(biāo)還是為了與人交流，所以多在交流中使用這些“變化”詞，才能真正掌握其內(nèi)涵。

②保持某種狀態(tài)：continue, keep, lie, remain, stand , stay.

③看起來，好像：appear, look, seem.

④感官動(dòng)詞：feel, smell, sound, taste.

注意：

試比較：

There is a boy there.(那兒有一個(gè)男孩。)

前一個(gè)

3.基本句型 三：

此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：

謂語動(dòng)詞

如

：1. Whoknowsthe answer?

│

2. Headmitsthat he was mistaken

4.

有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語

eg

Give me a cup of tea please./Pass our English teacher the book./

Bring it to me, please./Show this house to Mr. Smith.

1.

Sheorderedherselfa new dress.

2.

Hebroughtyoua dictionary.

5.

賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分�？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有：

名詞，形容詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，介詞短語等。

The war made him asoldier.(名詞)

New methods make the jobeasy.(形容詞)

I often find himat work.(介詞短語)

The teacher ask the studentsto closethe windows.(不定式)

I saw a catrunningacross the road.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Our teacher found the windowsclosed.(過去分詞)

1.

Wecalledthe boyJim.

英語句子成分劃分詳解

主語：就是一個(gè)句子陳述的對(duì)象，或是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰”“什么”的問題。

如：我看書。誰看書?“我”。“我”就是這句子的主語。主語由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。(如動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，代詞都可作主語，主語從句)主語(subject):句子說明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. (名詞)

He likes dancing. (代詞)

Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)

Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)

To see is to believe. (不定式)

What he needs is a book.(主語從句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)

謂語：說明主語是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語“干什么，是什么”的問題。

如上句中主語“我”干什么?“看書”。“看書”就是謂語。

一個(gè)句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再細(xì)分又可分成謂語(動(dòng)詞)、賓語，表語，補(bǔ)語(包括賓補(bǔ)和主補(bǔ))，定語，狀語，同位語等。如第一例中謂語部分可劃分成謂語(看)和賓語(書)。謂語部分中心詞一定要是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要么是行為動(dòng)詞，要么是系動(dòng)詞，不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不同的句子類型。句子的各種時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化都在謂語動(dòng)詞上變。

謂語(predicate):說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。

We study English.

He is asleep.

賓語：指謂語動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱代詞要用賓格。

如：還說上例。謂語動(dòng)詞是“看”，看什么?看“書”，“書”是動(dòng)詞“看”所涉及的對(duì)象，是“看”的賓語。

需要說明的是：只有及物動(dòng)詞和介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的短語才可帶賓語。

賓語：

1)動(dòng)作的承受者-----動(dòng)賓

I like China.(名詞)He hates you.(代詞)

How many do you need? We need two.(數(shù)詞)

We should help the old and the poor.

I enjoy working with you.(動(dòng)名詞)

I hope to see you again.(不定式)

Did you write down what he said?(賓語從句)

2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓

Are you afraid of the snake?

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3)雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.

表語：是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。在陳述句中系動(dòng)詞后面的就是表語，這就是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。作表語的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。

表語(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。

He is a teacher. (名詞)

Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代詞)

Five and five is ten.(數(shù)詞)

He is asleep. (形容詞)

His father is in. (副詞)

The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)

To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.(不定式)

The question is whether they will come. (表語從句)

(常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽起來), look(看起來), feel(摸起來，smell(聞起來), taste(嘗、吃起來),

remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺)...

It sounds a good idea.

The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet.

Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious.

The food tastes good.

The door remains open.

Now I feel tired.

定語：修飾限定名詞、代詞的詞，說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，

如a tall boy中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語�？勺鞫ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞、副詞、定語從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語一律后置。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)

He is our friend.(代詞)

We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)

The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)

The boys playing football are in Class 2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)

The trees planted last year are growing well now.(過去分詞)

I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)

You should do everything that I do. (定語從句)

狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說明謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。

如：他在燈下看書。“在燈下”是狀語。

補(bǔ)語：補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的成份,補(bǔ)充說明主語的叫主語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充賓語叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主語：he;謂語：made;賓語：me;賓補(bǔ)：laugh.補(bǔ)語和它補(bǔ)充說明的成份之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開。如：上句賓語me和賓補(bǔ)laugh之間，laugh的動(dòng)作是me來做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。把這兩部分單拿出來可以成一句完整的話，即I laughed,

賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。

We elected him monitor. (名詞)

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.(名)

We will make them happy.(形容詞)

We found nobody in. (副詞)

Please make yourself at home.介詞短語)

Don’t let him do that.(省to不定式)

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(帶to不定式)

Don’t keep the lights burning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

I’ll have my bike repaired.(過去分詞)

主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

語法是句子的框架，學(xué)語法應(yīng)該說是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一個(gè)捷徑。相對(duì)而言，句子的靈魂是詞匯，學(xué)習(xí)是個(gè)長期積累過程，詞匯積累更是如此。學(xué)習(xí)也要講究方法，活學(xué)活用，在運(yùn)用中記憶，不能死記硬背。另外，語言都有些相通的地方，結(jié)合母語對(duì)照學(xué)習(xí)也很有效。

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型

主語+不及物動(dòng)詞She came./ My head aches.

主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語She likes English.

主語+系動(dòng)詞+主語補(bǔ)語She is happy.

主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語She gave John a book.

She bought a book for me.

主語+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angry.

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

(There +be There lies a book on the desk.)

Exercises

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析

一.選出下列句子的基本句型。

a，S+Vi

b，S+Vt +P

c，S+V系+O

d，S+Vt + IO+DO

e，S+Vt +O+OC

1. Pleas tell us a story._______

2. She smiled.______

3. I have a lot work to do._____

4. His job is to train swimmers._____

5. He noticed a man enter the room._____

6. Please look at the picture._____

二．寫出下列句子的基本句型。

1. Whocares?

2. Everything looks different.

3. His face turned red.

4. He enjoys reading.

5. He said "Good morning."

6. She looked after the old man.

7.Our team beat all the others.

8. I showed him my pictures.

9. I told him that the bus was late.

10. He showed me how to run the machine.

三.劃分句子成分

句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass.

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.

7. ---I love you more than her，child.

8. Tees turn green when spring comes.

9. They pushed the door open.

10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)

主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。

2她昨天回家很晚

3那天早上我們談了很多。

4會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

5在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

1昨晚我寫了一封信。

2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?/p>

3這本書他讀過多次了。

4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。

5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。

主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。

2冬季白天短，夜晚長。

3布朗夫人看起來很健康。

4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。

5孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。

雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)

1 Johnson先生去年教我們德語。

2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。

3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。

4.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎?

5.他把車票給列車員看。

復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)

1我們叫她Alice.

2他的父母給他取名為John.

3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。

4他們把門推開了。

5他們把小偷釋放了。

There be

1今晚沒有會(huì)。

2這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。

3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。

4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。

5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。

K

句子成分

1.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語

2.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語

3.主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

4.主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

5.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語

6.主語+動(dòng)詞+形式賓語it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語

7.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語

8.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語

9.主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

10.主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

句子結(jié)構(gòu)

主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(主語+不及物動(dòng)詞)

1You should study hard.

2 She went home very late yesterday evening.

3That morning we talked a great deal.

4The meeting will last two hours.

5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.

主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語)

1.I wrote a letter last night.

2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.

3.He has read this book many times. www.rr365.com

4.They have carried out the plan successfully.

5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.

主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(主語+系動(dòng)詞+主語補(bǔ)語)

1My brothers are all college students.

2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.

3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy.

4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.

5 Children, keep quiet please.

雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)(主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語)

1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.

2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.

4Would you please pass me the dictionary?

5He showed the ticket to the conductor.

復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)(主語+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語)

1We call her Alice.

2His parents named him John.

3All of us considered him honest.

4They pushed the door open.

5They have set the thief free.

There be句型

1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.

2There was only a well in the village.

3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.

4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.

5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.

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