來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-15 15:53:38
賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子做為復(fù)合句中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
I believe that he's a policeman.
這樣的句子就是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),賓語(yǔ)從句是由
由于連接手段的不同,賓語(yǔ)從句可分為:
that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞wh-或者if /whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句幾種形式。針對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句部分的考試,考察要點(diǎn)主要有這三個(gè)方面:
(
(
(
簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)就是:引導(dǎo)詞,時(shí)態(tài)、從句語(yǔ)序。
賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
賓語(yǔ)從句是主從復(fù)合句中的具體形式。
它由兩部分構(gòu)成:主句+賓語(yǔ)從句。而在主句和賓語(yǔ)從句之間需要引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)連接。也就是:主句+引導(dǎo)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句。
引導(dǎo)詞主要有以下三種情況:
第一,如果賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句概念,用引導(dǎo)詞that,在口語(yǔ)中可以省略。
第二,如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)義,引導(dǎo)詞就用if或whether。
一般情況下,
第三種情況,賓語(yǔ)從句表述特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)義,引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問(wèn)詞。補(bǔ)充:
a.
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
b.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
c. if
I know that he is my uncle.
2.if
I believe that it's very hot now.I wonder if/whether they'll get there in time.
We want to know if/whether the school starts.
We doubted wheather that girl could stand the bad weather there.
3.
我們懷疑那個(gè)女孩是否能忍受那里糟糕的天氣。No one can lose what he never had.
人是不會(huì)失去他從不曾擁有過(guò)的東西。
Wisdom first teaches what is right.
智慧首先教會(huì)人什么是正確的。
二、時(shí)態(tài)
賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
一、主現(xiàn)不限
一般來(lái)說(shuō),英語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài),主要是由主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定的。但賓語(yǔ)從句主要有三種情況::主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或者是祈使句的時(shí)候,從句的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況,選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài),而不受從句的限制。:如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí),那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)則要用與過(guò)去相應(yīng)的某一時(shí)態(tài)。:如果從句表示的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或者是普遍真理的時(shí)候,從句的時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng):She knows that he is kind.
她知道他是個(gè)友善的人。
You will know that he was helpful.
(
你將會(huì)了解他以前是個(gè)樂(lè)于主人的人。
He wondered if /whether they would have the meeting next week.
他想知道下周他們是否將有個(gè)會(huì)議
I asked her what she had done at home.
三、語(yǔ)序
語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
賓語(yǔ)從句要使用陳述語(yǔ)句,即:連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。
Could you please tell me where the supermarket is?
We understood how he was feeling .
我們知道他當(dāng)時(shí)的感受。
四、賓語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)
(
I know you are right.
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容是真理性的東西
(2),或者“現(xiàn)在”還是事實(shí)的情況的時(shí)候,盡管主句用到的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),
They were taught that earth moves around the sun.
當(dāng)時(shí)就有人教過(guò)他們,地球是圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)的
(
think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose
否定前移在賓語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)時(shí),主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱I或we,同時(shí)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為等詞。表達(dá)形式中,否定在主句,實(shí)際語(yǔ)義在從句。只不過(guò)從句中的否定,移到了主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。
例如:
I don't think he is right.
注意:翻譯要遵循否定轉(zhuǎn)移的特點(diǎn),否定在從句;反問(wèn)時(shí),反問(wèn)對(duì)應(yīng)從句且用肯定形式。
I don't think Tom will come .
我認(rèn)為湯姆不會(huì)來(lái)。
I dont expect that any one will help me .
預(yù)計(jì)不會(huì)有人幫助我
賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化
(4)
賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化實(shí)際是把賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)或其他從句類(lèi)型,主要有下面幾種情況:
1.主句+賓語(yǔ)從句=主謂+to do sth
2.主句+賓語(yǔ)從句=主+謂+sb/sth+(疑問(wèn)詞)to do sth
3.主句+賓語(yǔ)從句=主+謂+sb/sth+sb/sth
4.主句+賓語(yǔ)從句=主+謂+sb/sth+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
5.此外,主句+what賓語(yǔ)從句=主句+定語(yǔ)從句
具體:
動(dòng)詞
1.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是等,且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
know,learn,remember,forget,tell
2.當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是等動(dòng)詞,且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
tell,ask,show,teach
注:當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是等動(dòng)詞,且后帶雙賓語(yǔ),從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
→Could you tell me how to get to the station?
名詞
3.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order(命令),require(需要)等時(shí),如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致,賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“()+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
介詞
4.某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,可以用加動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。
例如:
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
5.某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
此外,it做形式主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)也可以不定式(短語(yǔ))來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化。
It seemed/seems that從句→It seemed/seems to do .
例如:
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
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