來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-24 21:25:54
代詞知識(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)整理
一、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞
1.人稱(chēng)代詞。
人稱(chēng)代詞包括主格和賓格。主格常做主語(yǔ),賓格常做賓語(yǔ),放在動(dòng)詞、介詞后。
主格包括:I, you, he, she, it,we, they。
賓格包括:me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
如:
(1)I am a teacher. 我是一個(gè)老師。
(2)She is a student. 他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。
(3)Give me the book. 給我那本兒書(shū)。
It 的用法:
(1)it代替上文提到的事或物。
(2)用于句型中:think /find /feel it + adj./n. (for sb.)to doIt is + adj./n. + that +句子It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to doIt takes sb. st. to do3) 代替人:嬰兒,遠(yuǎn)處的人,照片中的人,敲門(mén)的人。
如:
It must be my teacher.
他肯定是我的老師。
Who’s it over there?那邊兒他是誰(shuí)?
2.物主代詞。
物主代詞包括形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞。前者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,后者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。
前者包括:my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
后者包括:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。
尤其是名詞性的物主代詞是重點(diǎn)考察內(nèi)容。
如:
(1)This is my book.
這是我的書(shū)。
(2)This isn't your pen. Yours is on the desk.
這不是你的鋼筆。你的鋼筆在桌子上。
二 . 反身代詞
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和后邊的人指同一個(gè)人時(shí),用反身代詞。
如:I do homework by myself.
反身代詞包括:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
它們經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在詞組中,如:
by oneself, 通過(guò)某人自己
say to oneself, 自言自語(yǔ)
think to oneself, 自言自語(yǔ)
think of oneself, 想到某人自己
dress oneself, 給某人自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself, 玩兒的高興
teach oneself, 自學(xué)
learn by oneself, 自學(xué)
make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感覺(jué)賓至如歸
help oneself to + n.…, 隨便吃點(diǎn)兒
help oneself, 幫助某人自己
leave sb. by oneself, 把某人自己?jiǎn)为?dú)留在家里
lose oneself in/into…, 把某人自己沉浸在……
look after oneself, 照料自己
take care of oneself照料自己
三. 不定代詞
不定代詞包括:some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,例如:someone, anything等。
不定代詞的用法 :
1. one, some與any
(1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。
(2) some可用于疑問(wèn)句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),或者表示建議,請(qǐng)求等。Would you like some bananas?
Could you give me some money?
(3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),some表示某個(gè),any表示任何一個(gè)。 I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
2. each和every
each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary.
/ Each (of us) has a dictionary.
/ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no
no等于not any,作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle?
None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another
(1) other泛指“另外的,別的”
the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè),復(fù)數(shù)為the others。
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. (2) another指“又一個(gè),另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English.
/ Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers.
/ Not both of us are teachers.
/ Either of us is a teacher.
6. little 幾乎沒(méi)有 修飾 不可數(shù)名詞
a little 一些 修飾 不可數(shù)名詞
few 幾乎沒(méi)有 修飾 可數(shù)名詞
a few 一些 修飾 可數(shù)名詞
代詞填空題練習(xí)
1.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed __________ very much. (them)
答案:themselves
解析句意:上周,學(xué)生們?nèi)セ瞬⑶彝娴梅浅i_(kāi)心。enjoy oneself玩得開(kāi)心,因主語(yǔ)為the students,故填themselves。
2.On my last birthday, my brother bought _____ a book as a gift.(I)
答案:me
解析句意:在我的上一個(gè)生日,我的哥哥給買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)作為禮物。bought是動(dòng)詞,后面跟代詞賓格形式作賓語(yǔ),I的賓格形式為me。故填me。
3.So far, our football team has won every match this year. That makes _____ feel proud.(we)
答案:us
解析句意:至今,我們的足球隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了,今年的每場(chǎng)比賽。這令我們驕傲。make為動(dòng)詞,后面跟代詞賓格形式作賓語(yǔ),we的賓格形式是us。故填us。
4. Your classroom is on the second floor and ______ is on the third floor.(we)
答案:ours
解析句意:你們的教室在二樓,____在三樓。根據(jù)and可知,前后都指教室。此處指我們的教室,題干沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)classroom,所以要用名詞性物主代詞ours,故填ours。
5. The two girls helped a woman find her lost son on _______ way home. (they)
答案:their
解析句意:在____回家的路上,這兩個(gè)女孩幫助一位女士找到了她走失的兒子。on one's way home,意為“在某人回家的路上”,they的形容詞性物主代詞為their。故填their。
6.We shouldn’t take these game shows too seriously while watching _____.(they)
答案:them
解析句意:當(dāng)我們觀(guān)看這些游戲節(jié)目時(shí),我們不應(yīng)該太嚴(yán)肅地看待。動(dòng)詞后跟人稱(chēng)代詞賓格形式,故填them。
7.If you are visiting a patient in hospital, you’d better keep ______ voice down and do not disturb others.(you)
答案:your
解析句意:如果你正在看望住院的病人,你最好把____聲音放低,不要打擾其他人。根據(jù)句意可知此處是指“你的”聲音, 應(yīng)用you的形容詞性物主代詞。故填your。
8.To _____ surprise, all my friends came to my birthday party. (I)
答案:my
解析句意:令____驚喜的是,我所有的朋友都來(lái)我的生日聚會(huì)了。to one’s surprise意為“令某人驚訝的是”,應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞。故填my。
代詞在句子中的運(yùn)用
it的常用句型
(1)作形式主語(yǔ):It is+ adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎么樣的。
It takes/took sb.some time/money to do sth.
做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間/金錢(qián)。It’s+adj.+that從句。
(2)作形式賓語(yǔ):常用在動(dòng)詞find, think, make, consider, feel等詞后。
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