常見錯誤示例--介詞

 

　�。壅`］ We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.

 

　　［正］ We got to the top of the mountain at day break.

 

　�。畚觯� at用于具體時刻之前，如：sunrise， midday， noon， sunset， midnight， night.

 

　�。壅`］ Don’t sleep at daytime

 

　�。壅�］ Don’t sleep in daytime.

 

　　［析］ in 要用于較長的一段時間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。

 

　�。壅`］ We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.

 

　　［正］ We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.

 

　�。畚觯� in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on， 如：on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th

 

　�。壅`］ He became a writter at his twenties

 

　�。壅�］ He became a writter in his twenties

 

　�。畚觯葸@句話應譯為：他在20多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時用at來表示。

 

　�。壅`］ He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.

 

　�。壅�］ He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.

 

　�。畚觯� 在具體年歲前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。

 

　�。壅`］ We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.

 

　�。壅�］ We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.

 

　　［析］ 具體某一天要用介詞on， 又如：on New Year‘s Day

 

　　［誤］ I’m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.

 

　�。壅�］ I’m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.

 

　　［析］在節(jié)日的當天用on，而全部節(jié)日期間用at，Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時間。

 

　�。壅`］ I haven’t see you during the summer holidays.

 

　　［正］ I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.

 

　�。畚觯� during表示在某一段時間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時間，可以用于完成時，如：I haven‘t see you for a long time. 而through 用來表示時間時則為“整整，全部的時間”。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達主句動作的起始時間，一般要與完成時連用。

 

　�。壅`］ At entering the classroom， I heard the good news.

 

　　［正］ On entering the classroom， I heard the good news.

 

　�。畚觯� On 加動名詞表示“一……就”。本句的譯文應是：我一進入教室就聽見這個好消息了。又如：on hearing… 一聽見， on arrival 一到達就……（on表示動作的名詞）

 

　　［誤］ In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories.

 

　　［正］ At the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories.

 

　�。畚觯� at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時間范圍，而in the beginning 則是指開始一段時間。in the end＝at last是指“最終，終于”之意。

 

　�。壅`］ Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

 

　�。壅�］ By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

 

　�。畚觯� by 引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點，其意思為“不遲于某一時刻將工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成時態(tài)。當然可以有將來時態(tài)，如：I‘ll be there by five o’clock.而till則表達其一動作一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，但句中的動詞一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，而瞬間的截止性動詞應用其否定句式，如：I won‘t finish this work till（until） next weekend.

 

　�。壅`］ He came to London before last weekend.

 

　�。壅�］ He had come to London before last weekend.

 

　�。壅�］ He came to London two weeks ago.

 

　�。畚觯� before 一般要與完成時連用，而ago則與一般過去時連用。

 

　�。壅`］ I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.

 

　�。壅�］ I have studied English for three years since I came here.

 

　�。畚觯� since用來表達主句動作的開始時間，所以其引出的從句中應為過去時，而不能用完成時態(tài)

 

　�。壅`］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.

 

　　［正］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.

 

　�。畚觯葜形慕�(jīng)常講兩小時之后來取，兩天內(nèi)會修好，而這個介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，①after 多用于過去時，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. ② after 加時間是表達一個不確定的時間范圍，如：after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內(nèi)會完成某事時，一定要用介詞in.

 

　　［誤］ Three days after he died.

 

　�。壅�］ After three days he died.

 

　　［正］ Three days later he died.

 

　�。畚觯� after 與 later都可以用來表達一段時間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時間詞前，而later在時間詞后。

 

　�。壅`］ She hid herself after the tree.

 

　�。壅�］ She hid herself behind the tree.

 

　�。畚觯� after多用來表達某動作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。

 

　�。壅`］ There is a beautiful bird on the tree.

 

　�。壅�］ There is a beautiful bird in the tree.

 

　　［析］ 樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on， 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.

 

　�。壅`］ Shanghai is on the east of China.

 

　�。壅�］ Shanghai is in the east of China.

 

　�。畚觯� 在表達地理位置時有3個介詞：in， on， to. in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)； on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.

 

　�。壅`］ I arrived at New York on July 2nd.

 

　�。壅�］ I arrived in New York on July 2nd.

 

　　［析］ at用來表達較小的地方，而in用來表達較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village.

 

　�。壅`］ He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.

 

　　［正］ He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.

 

　�。畚觯� 在門牌號碼前要用at， 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top of the page.

 

　　［誤］ There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.

 

　�。壅�］ There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.

 

　　［析］ 在屋內(nèi)的角落應用in，而墻的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.

 

　　［誤］ This weekend I’ll stay in Uncle Wang’s.

 

　�。壅�］ This weekend I’ll stay at Uncle Wang’s.

 

　�。畚觯� 要注意英文的特殊表達法，如：at a tailor’s shop （裁縫店）＝at a tailor’s， at the doctor’s （去看�。� at the bookseller’s （在書店） at uncle Wang’s （在王叔叔家）

 

　�。壅`］ Do you know there is some good news on today’s newspaper？

 

　�。壅�］ Do you know there is some good news in today’s newspaper？

 

　�。畚觯� 在報紙上的新聞要用in， 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on.

 

　�。壅`］ The school will begin on September 1st.

 

　�。壅�］ School will begin on September 1st.

 

　　［析］這里的school應看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學校的課程，即開學之意。要注意，有些活動場所當表達正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，如：at table （吃飯）， When I came to Tom’s home， they were at table. 還有： at desk （學習），at work （工作） at school （上學）， in hospital （住醫(yī)院） at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。