來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-14 16:47:23
介詞在英文中是一種虛詞。介詞不能單獨(dú)使用,一般也無句子重音。常常放在名詞或代詞之前,與之一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,共同充當(dāng)句子成分。很多介詞從詞義上往往看不出是介詞。如:against的意思是“反對”,在漢語里是動(dòng)詞,在英語里卻是介詞。
一、表示時(shí)間的介詞
1.a(chǎn)t, in ,on
◆at表示“在某一時(shí)刻、某一時(shí)點(diǎn)”
◆in表示“在某月、季節(jié)、年、世紀(jì)”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century
in the morning/afternoon/evening
◆on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜間時(shí)用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具體某一天的上述時(shí)段時(shí),則一律用on。
on Monday on April 1st
On the afternoon of May 23.
2.from, since, for
◆ from表示“等時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)”。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什幺時(shí)間來都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考試將從上午九點(diǎn)開始。
◆since表示“自從……以來(直到現(xiàn)在)”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自從1973年就離開了家鄉(xiāng)。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我們十年前就認(rèn)識了。
◆for 與since表示一段時(shí)間,但for與時(shí)間段連用,而since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。
for two hours since last week
3.a(chǎn)fter, in, within
◆after表示“在……之后”,是before的反義詞。
We’ll hold a party after dinner. 晚餐后我們將舉辦晚會。
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌癥,一年后去世了
◆ within“在……時(shí)間之內(nèi)”
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小時(shí)就可把它做完。
◆ in 后面接過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)表過去,若后面接一段時(shí)間,則表示“在……時(shí)間之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸將會在3天后回來。
二、表示“地點(diǎn)、方向”的介詞
1.In, outside between, among
◆in表示“在……里面”,如:
What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?
She put her book in the desk. 她把書放進(jìn)了書桌。
◆outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room. 房間外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大廳外看見了什么?
◆ between在……之間(指二者)
There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在賓館與郵局之間有所醫(yī)院。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那棟建筑位于公園和小河之間。
◆among在……之間(指三者以上)
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道:“你們中間有個(gè)小偷!
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2.on, above, over, below, under
◆ on在……上面,表面相互接觸。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一個(gè)蘋果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山頂有一面旗子。
◆above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,與below相對。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飛機(jī)從我們頭上飛過。
The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。
◆over“在……正上方”,與under相對。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。
◆ below在……下方,低于……
There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。
◆under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他們坐在一棵大樹下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?
3.near, by, beside
◆near在……附近,與far相對
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車站附近建了一所醫(yī)院。
My home is near he school. 我的家離學(xué)校很近。
◆ by = beside,靠近,在……旁邊,比near距離更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在電影院他就坐在我旁邊。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4.in front of, in the front of , behind, around
◆in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河
They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他們在門前放了一束花。
There is a red chair in the front of the room.
在房間前半部有把紅椅子。
◆behind在……后面588.es
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高層建筑。
The cat lies behind the door. 貓?zhí)稍陂T后面。
◆ around在……周圍,圍繞
There are many trees around the village.村子周圍有很多樹圍繞。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞臺周圍擺著鮮花。
5.a(chǎn)long, across, through
◆along沿著
He likes to drive along the river.他喜歡沿著河開車。
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有著各種美麗的花。
◆ across橫穿
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.這個(gè)小女孩不敢橫穿馬路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑著穿越繁忙的馬路是很危險(xiǎn)的。
◆ through穿過
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.開車穿過這條隧道花了我們10分鐘時(shí)間。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他從人群里擠到了站臺。
6.a(chǎn)t, in
二者都表示“在某個(gè)地方”,但at多指較小的地方,如車站、家等,而in多指在“大地方”,如城市、國家、大洲等。(但大小有時(shí)也是相對的)。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27號。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飛機(jī)將于13點(diǎn)到達(dá)北京。
三、其它用途的介詞
1.表示“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位”的介詞:at, for, by
◆at表示“以……速度”“以……價(jià)格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小時(shí)8英里的速度行駛。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高價(jià)出售了我的汽車。
2.表示“材料”的介詞:of, from
◆ of表示從成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.這個(gè)盒子是紙做的。
This salad is made of apples and strwberres. 這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。
◆from表示從成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麥做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。
3.表示“工具或手段”的介詞:by, with, on
◆ by憑借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如:
by bus乘公共汽車,by plane乘飛機(jī)
He usually goes to work by bike.他通常騎車去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通過電子郵件發(fā)給了我這一消息。
◆ with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石頭把玻璃打碎了。
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用右腳把球停住。
◆on以……方式。多用于固定詞組。
They talked on the telephone.他們通過電話進(jìn)行交談。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通過收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語。
4.besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
He is interested in tennis besides(as well as)football.
除了足球,他還對網(wǎng)球感興趣。
◆besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”,可以理解為“除之外…還、除之外…又”,表示兩部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英語外,我們還喜歡生物。(生物和英語都喜歡)
◆except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”,可以理解為“撇開…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。(他們激動(dòng),而我卻不激動(dòng))
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
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