來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-15 14:31:49
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1. 人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請看下表:
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2. 物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請看下表
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3.反身代詞可見下表
人稱 |
我 |
你 |
他 |
她 |
它 |
我們 |
你們 |
他們 |
反身代詞 |
myself |
yourself |
himself |
herself |
itself |
ourselves |
yourself |
themselves |
指示代詞有:this, that, these, those疑問代詞有:who, whom whose, what, which,還有疑問副詞:when, how, where, why。不定代詞主要有:some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…
1.物主代詞的用法
形容詞性物主代詞:作定語,相當(dāng)形容詞,不能單獨(dú)使用,后面必須加名詞;
名詞性物主代詞:不作定語,相當(dāng)名詞詞組,可單獨(dú)使用,后面不須加名詞。
如:Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.(形容詞性物主代詞)
Is that coffee yoursor hers?(名詞性物主代詞)
2.反身代詞的用法
teach oneself 自學(xué)
speak/say to oneself 自言自語
by oneself獨(dú)自地
help oneself to 隨便吃……
enjoy oneself 玩得開心
make yourself at home 請自便
3.指示代詞的用法:
主要有四個(gè),即this, that, these 和 those
1)指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代 詞:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
♣1, 為避免重復(fù),可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。如:
The playground of this school is bigger than thatof that school.(that=the playground)
My seat is next to that of the mayor.
我的座位在市長座位旁邊。
♣2. 用來回指上文提到的事情時(shí),可用this 或 that,但是若要指下文敘述的事情,通常要用 this .如:
——She is a beautiful girl.
——Who said that?
I want to know this: Is she beautiful?
♣3. 在打電話時(shí),通常用 this 指自己,用that指對方:
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是約翰嗎?
4.疑問代詞的用法
疑問代詞:who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑問句。
注意:1. what與 which的用法區(qū)別:當(dāng)選擇的范圍較明確時(shí),用 which;當(dāng)選擇的范圍不明確時(shí),用 what。
如:Which color do you like, red, black or white?
紅色、黑色和白色,你喜歡哪種?
What color is your car?
你的汽車是什么顏色的?
5.不定代詞的用法
1)定義:不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。
2)種類
英語中不定代詞有:
some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),
any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one),
every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)
little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。
♣1. some和 any的比較
不定代詞some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。
some一般用于肯定句中;
any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中.
♣注意:在表示請求、邀請或征求意見的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any。
如:Will you lend me some money? 可以借些錢給我嗎?
02
中考考點(diǎn)梳理
1.指兩者和三者的不定代詞。
2.(a) few 與 (a) little。
可數(shù)名詞 |
不可數(shù)名詞 |
|
肯定 (有一些) |
a few |
a little |
否定(沒什么) |
few |
little |
3.other, the other, another, others的用法。
other |
+名詞,復(fù)數(shù) |
the other |
+名詞,復(fù)數(shù) (特指) |
固定搭配:one …… the other …… |
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others |
不加名詞,復(fù)數(shù) |
the others |
不加名詞,復(fù)數(shù) (特指) |
固定搭配:some……some……others |
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another |
加不加名詞皆可,泛指另一個(gè),單數(shù) |
4. 含有形容性物主代詞的固定搭配
all one’s life (一生,終生)
change one’s mind (改變想法、主意)
do one’s best (盡力)
do one’s homework (做作業(yè))
lose one’s life (喪生)
make up one’s mind (下決心?決定)
on one’s way to (在某人去……的路上)
take one’s time (不急,慢慢干)
to one’s surprise (使某人驚奇的是……)
with one’s help (在某人的幫助下)
to one’s relief (使某人放松的是--)
one’s own +名詞My own house = a house of my own
5. 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語,表語,同位語。
1) 作賓語: 表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者,主語和賓語指同一個(gè)人或一些人。
Would you please express yourself in English?
2) 作表語:The girl in the news is myself.
3) 作主語或賓語的同位語: 表示親自或本人。
You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語)
6.it 中考考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用總結(jié)
1).it作為人稱代詞時(shí),可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等。例如:
It is about 10 kilometers from here.
2). it 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語,來代替由不定式,動詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語。例如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
I found it difficult to sleep.
3). It可用于其他句型:
(1) It is time to do sth 是做……的時(shí)候了
(2) It’s sb’s turn to do sth 是輪到某人做……了
(3) It seems that +句子 看起來……
(4) It is +adj. that+句子 ……是怎么樣的
(5)主語+consider/ feel/ find/ think/ make / it +adj + to do sth. 某人覺得做……是……的。
03
典例分類
1. (2019原創(chuàng))Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as ________ of Sanya.
A. it B. one C. that
【答案】C.
【解析】本題考查指示代詞的用法。C.that 代指前面所提到的air quality,為了避免重復(fù)。而A.it它代指的一定是同一個(gè)東西。
2. (2019原創(chuàng))I’m sure that our football players will do ________ best.
A. yourselves B. him C. their
【答案】C.
【解析】本題考查物主代詞的用法。此題意為“我相信我們的足球運(yùn)動員會盡他們最大的努力的”。這里有個(gè)固定搭配用法 do one’s best “盡某人最大的努力” 。這里的one’s 明顯是要換成their的。
3. (2019原創(chuàng))You can take ________ of the two toy cards and leave the other for your brother.
A. both B. neither C. either
【答案】C.
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。A. both 二者都;B. neither二者都不;C. either二者其一。根據(jù)題意來理解“你可以拿走這二張玩具卡片的任何一張,留下一張給你的兄弟”,可以知道是拿走二者其一,故只能選C.either.
4.(2018上海改編)Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and ________ is noisy.
A. anotherB. the otherC. other
【答案】B.
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。根據(jù)題意“Catherine有二個(gè)表哥,一個(gè)很沉默,另一個(gè)很吵鬧。”前面界定了范圍只有二個(gè),說明其中一個(gè)人的情況了,另一個(gè)就是特指了。所以要用the other。這里我們可以把它記住一個(gè)固定搭配用法 one… the other … 一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……
5.. (2018北京改編)My brother and I like football. ________ play it together once a week.
A. I B. They C. We
【答案】C.
【解析】本題考查人稱代詞的用法。題意是我和我兄弟都喜歡足球,我們一周踢一次球。很明顯地,此處應(yīng)該是填寫We我們。
6.. (2018蘇州改編)A robot show will be held in July, but ________ knows the date for sure.
A. nobody B. everybody C. anybody
【答案】A.
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。A. nobody 沒人;B. everybody 大家;C. anybody任何人;根據(jù)題意:一次機(jī)器人展示將會在七月舉行,但是沒有人知道具體日期。所以答案是A。
7. (2018貴州三州聯(lián)考改編)He was so angry that he could say ________.
A. anything B. nothing C. something
【答案】B.
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。A. anything任何事;B. nothing沒什么東西;C. something一些事情;根據(jù)題意:他如此氣憤以致于他說不出什么東西。所以答案選 B. nothing。
8.(2019四川樂山)____ is quite easy for people to find any place in the world with the help of onlinemaps.
A.That B.ItC. One
【答案】B.
【解析】本題考查人稱代詞It的用法。這里It是作為形式主語的,而真正的主語是后面的to find any place in the world with the help of online maps. 而三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有It 才有此功能用法。
9.(2019甘肅慶陽) There are many good teachers in_________ school.
A. we B. him C. our D. themselves
【答案】C.
【解析】本題考查物主代詞的用法。題意為在我們的學(xué)校有很多優(yōu)秀的老師。
10.(2019江蘇揚(yáng)州)----Annie, _____ books are all over the place.
----Sorry, mum. I’ll put them away.
A.you B. your C. yours D. yourself
【答案】B.
【解析】本題考查物主代詞It的用法。題意為“安妮,你的書到處都是。”。
04
易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥
1.There are ten students here. Where are _______ ?
A.othersB. the otherC. the othersD. other
【答案】C.
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。此題很多同學(xué)容易選B. the other. 但此題原意是“這里有10個(gè)學(xué)生,其他的學(xué)生在哪里?”這里“其他的學(xué)生”是屬于特指的,又因?yàn)榫淠]有名詞了,所以得用the others。因?yàn)閠he others=the other students.
2.The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, ______________ is a doctor.
A.othersB. the otherC. the othersD. another
【答案】B.
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。another用于泛指,如:Is it far from here to the station?I'm sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here。但在特指時(shí)則要用the other。它可以用作定語,the other one,也可以用作代詞the other, 但the other用作代詞時(shí)它的含意一定是單數(shù)。這里我們可以把它記住一個(gè)固定搭配用法 one… the other … 一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……
3.Some people like sports. __________ like reading.
A. othersB. the otherC. the othersD. another
【答案】A .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。在泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前用some…some…others…來表示某些人……某些人……還有些人……。
4.Please remember to water the flowers every_________ day.
A. othersB. otherC. the otherD. another
【答案】B .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。every other day為固定用法,意思是“每隔一天”是習(xí)慣用法,不要隨意改動。又如:on the other hand另一方面。
5.Many know him, but________like him.
A. a fewB. fewC. someD. little
【答案】B .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。few用于可數(shù)名詞,表否定意義,意為“幾乎沒有”,但few作主語時(shí)謂語動詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而a few為有一些。本題題意為“很多人認(rèn)識他,但沒有人喜歡他”。
6.________ of what you said is true.
A. ManyB. MuchC. FewD. Any
【答案】B .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。much用于不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞,它作主語時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。
7.Would you like ___________ to drink?
A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something
【答案】D .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。在由would you like發(fā)出的問句中,表達(dá)了說話者真心實(shí)意要為對方提供些飲料,或在說話者想得到對方的肯定答復(fù)時(shí),在疑問句中要用some而不用any。
8.Someone_________to meet you.
A. wantB. are wantingC. wants
【答案】C .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。不定代詞做主語時(shí)應(yīng)被看作單數(shù),即使用and連接兩個(gè)不定代詞,也要看作單數(shù),如:Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人,每一個(gè)人都有這樣的權(quán)力。
9.________ is much colder in New York in winter than before.
A. ItB. The weatherC. They
【答案】A .
【解析】本題考查代詞It的用法。it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時(shí)間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象,或用在句中作形式主語或賓語,如:
It is ten o'clock now.(代時(shí)間)
It is far from here to the airport. (代距離)
It is very hot.(代天氣)
It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主語)
We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式賓語)
10.Be careful. Don't drink too ___________.
A.muchB. manyC. few
【答案】A .
【解析】本題考查不定代詞的用法。這里much所代的應(yīng)是飲料或水,所以應(yīng)為不可數(shù)名詞。
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